O, Berlin

Earlier this month I headed to Berlin to check out S.LOW Projekt, an in­ter­dis­cip­linary art pro­ject span­ning the summer months or­gan­ised by my mas­ters su­per­visor Ricardo Climent. While I was there I got to see the latest in­carn­a­tion of Sam Salem and Patrick Sanan’s Pond Life series, ex­hib­ited at Projektraum Schwarz in the gallery-studded area Neukölln. This is an au­di­ovisual work fea­turing a tank of water as a pro­jec­tion sur­face and two hy­dro­phones that provide the gen­er­ative soft­ware be­hind the work with a rough es­timate of where any agit­a­tion in the water is. This means people can splash about and af­fect the small neon creatures that ap­pear to be in­hab­iting the tank. Here is an in­ad­equate pho­to­graph from the in­stall­a­tion, but check out Sam & Patrick’s web­sites for videos and more information:

Pond Life III @ Projektraum Schwarz

The great thing for artists in Berlin ap­pears to be the wealth of cheap space to work in, much of it in old in­dus­trial build­ings. One strand of the S.LOW pro­gramme took place at N.K., a sound-art com­munity on two floors of a dis­used factory that has half a dozen stu­dios and an empty floor for larger events that looks won­der­fully broody when deserted:

N.K.

Probably the most in­cred­ible thing I saw in Berlin was Innen Stadt Außen, an ex­hib­i­tion of works by Danish-Icelandic artist Olafur Eliasson at the Martin-Gropius-Bau. If you have heard of Eliasson, it is prob­ably be­cause it was he who put the enormous sun in the Turbine Hall at Tate Modern. I re­member thinking at the time that I couldn’t un­der­stand what the fuss was about (not being able to visit it myself) — it was just a big sun, wasn’t it? That’s the kind of re­ac­tion I’ve had when trying to ex­plain the works at Innen Stadt Außen to people, breath­lessly, ur­gently, be­cause it was awe­some. And I use that word in full un­der­standing of its ori­gins. No cam­eras were al­lowed in and the ex­hib­i­tion web­site is woe­fully in­ad­equate, but pic­tures prob­ably wouldn’t convey the ex­per­i­ence anyway. Try this de­scrip­tion: there was an in­cred­ible 10-minute piece of video-art which fea­tured a white van with an enormous mirror strapped to its side driving round Berlin. Doesn’t really spark the ima­gin­a­tion, does it? In short the problem with words here is that all the ideas were of ex­treme sim­pli­city, de­scrip­tion be­lies their im­pact, but their ex­e­cu­tion was con­sist­ently breath­taking. Trust me, if ever this man does any­thing near you. Go.

Perhaps it’s worth noting that — des­pite the clearly touristy, vis­iting ‘events’ as­pect of this post — Berlin is a truly great place to hang out. Having rushed head­long into sight­seeing, felt my legs grow tired and lose all sense of time and loc­a­tion in the Jewish Museum (which is, by the way, an ex­cel­lent building), I dis­covered that the bars and cafés of Kreuzberg and Neukölln were quite spec­tac­u­larly laid back and that my sand­wich came with a salad with kum­quats and cranberries!!!

A good ex­hib­i­tion I could take photos of was FischGrätenMelkStand cur­ated by German artist John Bock at the Temporäre Kunsthalle Berlin, which con­tained a collage-like am­al­gam­a­tion of art­works built into a large scaf­folding maze. Here are some half-built houses, which were tangled in the web of artworks:

Half-built Houses at FischGrätenMelkStand, Temporäre Kunsthalle Berlin

There are a few more photos from this ex­hib­i­tion and N.K. on my (brand-new) Flickr page, but one last thing to share here is some­thing that is infinitely geeky, but ex­citing for me. As some may know, I’m a bit of a Helmut Lachenmann ob­sessive and here, in this maze of con­tem­porary art and ex­tremely stale pizzas, in a small glass case, were two pages, on loan from the Paul Sacher Stiftung, of ma­nu­script sketches from the great man him­self. Perhaps it was just their in­con­gru­ence in the tangle of art, but it seemed slightly thrilling. Though visu­ally un­spec­tac­ular here they are:

Helmut Lachenmann Manuscript at FischGrätenMelkStand, Temporäre Kunsthalle Berlin

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Go Slow…

Projektraum Schwarz POND LIFE III Flyer

I’m going to Berlin for a few days, in­cluding a visit to S.LOW Projekt’s fourth week, which fea­tures the latest in Sam Salem and Patrick Sanan’s Pond Life series of au­di­ovisual in­stall­a­tions as well as talks by a bunch of mu­si­cians, artists and tech­ni­cians. Should be fun…

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Manifestos and the Future(s) of Music

As a brief in­tro­duc­tion: Ken Nielsen of the Australian group Pinchgut Opera wrote a ‘mani­festo for the fu­ture of clas­sical music’ as Greg Sandow — who posted it to his blog — de­scribes it, Tim Rutherford-Johnson has added his two cents here and below are mine. Perhaps my European per­spective on Nielsen’s Antipodean angle has caused some mis­un­der­stand­ings, in which case apologies.

Nielsen sug­gests that given that ‘the clas­sical music in­dustry is in de­cline with an ageing audi­ence base and a low rate of new audi­ence entry,’ a series of meas­ures are needed to make con­certs ‘more at­tractive and ac­cess­ible.’ Some of his points touch on new music’s role in re­newing the art­form, which he fol­lows with:

Because ele­ments of the cur­rent audi­ence are so con­ser­vative, a greater variety of con­certs and formats, aimed at dif­ferent audi­ences, is prob­ably ne­ces­sary. Stick with the cur­rent stuff for the olds, offer in­nov­a­tion to those ex­cited by it.

Now to me that does not sound like any kind of solu­tion to any­thing. It boils down to ‘keep doing what we’re doing and do some new music con­certs as well’. As Tim Rutherford-Johnson points out, the new music sector doesn’t have a par­tic­ular problem with either an ageing audi­ence base or new audi­ence entry rates and they already offer music in a large variety of formats driven by an alloy of in­nov­a­tion and ne­ces­sity. So if as an ex­isting clas­sical music in­sti­tu­tion you are of­fering ‘in­nov­a­tion to those ex­cited by it’ and are doing so along­side ex­isting and per­haps better equipped or­gan­isa­tions, you must match the quality, in­teg­rity and com­mit­ment that many of those or­gan­isa­tions dis­play if you are to gain the trust of your audi­ences. If you are going to ‘stick with the cur­rent stuff for the olds,’ then you are as­suming, given your ageing audi­ence base and low new audi­ence entry rates, that you will let this ‘old people’s package’ drift off into the sunset as the audi­ence dies off.

It is pos­sible that after two hun­dred years of audi­ences revering Beethoven’s music, no-one will be in­ter­ested any more, but it seems un­likely to me. I can, how­ever, ima­gine shrinking audi­ences driving this music ‘un­der­ground’. One of Nielsen’s pro­posals is that ‘a con­cert should be more like com­mu­nic­a­tion than a one-sided speech.’ Without get­ting bogged down in con­cepts of in­ter­activity and audi­ence par­ti­cip­a­tion, I be­lieve this is ad­dressed by the idea of in­tel­lec­tual en­gage­ment. The reason new music sur­vives is that it de­mands thoughtful en­gage­ment of the listener, an en­gage­ment that the audi­ence is dir­ectly seeking when they come to a per­form­ance. This is not some­thing ne­ces­sarily re­quired in your av­erage clas­sical con­cert or de­sired by its audi­ence. While there are audi­ence mem­bers who do en­gage in this way with older music (per­haps a sub­stan­tial number) I would sug­gest that the audi­ences have long in­cluded a large pro­por­tion who were seeking light en­ter­tain­ment that was not too taxing, or at the very least some­thing fa­miliar and re­li­able. However, this audi­ence is now (and has been for some dec­ades) shared with other out­lets of music both live and re­corded, and the sec­tion most likely not to have con­verted to listening at home or going to other venues is the oldest sec­tion, hence the skewed demo­graphic. [I can’t sub­stan­tiate any of this, but would love to see data that might prove or dis­prove any of this the­or­ising. Though how one would test for the audience’s in­tel­lec­tual en­gage­ment, I’m not sure.]

Given this thesis, I would sug­gest that more tra­di­tional clas­sical music in­sti­tu­tions might need to learn from new music groups not what to pro­gramme but how to or­ganise. They should pre­pare for a dif­ferent audi­ence, per­haps smaller it is hard to be sure, but com­mitted and in­ter­ested, not just carry on with ‘the cur­rent stuff for the olds.’ New venues be­come im­portant not, as in new music, be­cause of de­mands made by the music, but be­cause of de­mands made by the chan­ging audi­ence. Realising that artistic in­teg­rity and re­spect for your audience’s huge ca­pa­city for thought­ful­ness is es­sen­tial. An or­chestra should be pro­gram­ming Beethoven be­cause it is good, not be­cause it is Beethoven. If a cel­list doesn’t like Beethoven, they don’t bother too much with his son­atas and play other music in­stead. The or­ches­tral mu­si­cian doesn’t have that prerog­ative, but the pro­grammer should think along sim­ilar lines — ‘I am pro­gram­ming this music rather than any­thing else, be­cause I be­lieve it is an ex­cel­lent com­bin­a­tion of ex­cel­lent music.’ Their judge­ment may some­times seem ec­centric but if it is suc­cessful, they will gain the audience’s trust and create stim­u­lating ex­per­i­ences that are sur­pris­ingly unique. This is per­haps sug­gested by Nielsen — ‘change comes about not from strategy meet­ings but from in­nov­a­tion —  new things being tried, some failing, some succeeding’ — but it re­quires more than just in­nov­a­tion for innovation’s sake. Originality is a po­ten­tial by-product of a com­mit­ment to a deeply-felt, per­sonal quest for beauty.

On the role of new music in tra­di­tional con­texts, Tim Rutherford-Johnson writes that he is ‘scep­tical that in­tro­du­cing new music to his­tor­ical con­certs (which has been going on to little re­turn for dec­ades) is the an­swer.’ I agree that it isn’t the an­swer, but this state­ment ab­so­lutely re­quires the caveat he provides it: ‘un­less done with the ut­most ser­i­ous­ness and in­teg­rity.’ Combining new and old can be ef­fective, a fact prob­ably most often proved in chamber music and solo re­citals where the per­formers choose their own rep­er­toire. They know in­stinct­ively when works lie well along­side one another.

What is fre­quently mu­sic­ally un­sat­is­fying is when things are forced into such a con­stel­la­tion by some ex­ternal ideo­logy. Programming com­mit­tees at larger or­gan­isa­tions find it very dif­fi­cult to pro­gramme by ear as it were, to pro­pose ap­posite com­bin­a­tions that they can feel working. Maurizio Pollini’s pro­gramme of Bach (arr. Webern), Lachenmann and Brahms with Peter Eötvös and the LSO last month was an ex­cel­lent ex­ample of someone knowing that these three works would fit to­gether mu­sic­ally des­pite their his­tor­ical dis­parity. More often, people pro­gramme by theme or by scheme, throwing things in as gim­micks like gra­tu­itous side salads (and they most def­in­itely market them as such). They may be­lieve new music to be a pos­itive ad­di­tion to their sched­ules but lack the edu­ca­tion they have in Beethoven, Tchaikovsky and Dvořák to be able to pro­gramme it effectively.

For me, clas­sical music, or any art­form for that matter, doesn’t need a mani­festo for to­morrow; it needs every person in­volved in every facet of the industry/community to strive to be in­spired, to think hard, never do any­thing ‘be­cause that’s what we do’ and de­liver quality today. The fu­ture will take care of itself.

One caveat: I hold the view that how­ever hier­archies and in­sti­tu­tions col­lapse and trans­form, hu­manity will pre­vail in pro­du­cing art. Admittedly ex­isting struc­tures can be in­cred­ibly im­portant in sup­porting and pro­moting cre­ativity, but one must al­ways be wary not to allow those struc­tures to be­come con­straints. Rubble can be an ex­cel­lent play­ground, so per­haps I’m not the man to be giving advice.

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Curios in Metz

In the last week I made a couple of trips from Luxembourg to Metz to hear some of the con­certs at this year’s Centre Acanthes and check out the newly opened Centre Pompidou-Metz. Metz is clearly in a period of flux, re­ju­ven­ating it­self with art, cul­ture and ar­chi­tec­ture, which in all hon­esty out­shine any of the rival major cities in the ‘Grande Région’ (a.k.a. SaarLorLux). None of Luxembourg City, Trier, Saarbrücken or Nancy quite has the quality or the cre­ativity to match. (Though per­haps Metz comes across as par­tic­u­larly vi­brant when full of young com­posers and free con­certs of con­tem­porary music.)

Inspired by a Chinese hat found in Paris…”

When I vis­ited last year, the Centre Pompidou-Metz was still a building site — al­beit a prom­ising one — that looked some­thing like this:

Centre Pompidou-Metz in June 2009

But it is now com­plete and its Chinese-hat in­spired roof curves el­eg­antly over a sur­pris­ingly large amount of ex­hib­i­tion space.

Centre Pompidou-Metz in June 2010

A satel­lite gal­lery of the Centre Pompidou, though quite in­sistent on its own iden­tity, it be­ne­fits enorm­ously from its Parisian big brother’s vast col­lec­tion of con­tem­porary art. The in­aug­ural ex­hib­i­tion, Chefs-d’œuvre?, ranges through Picasso, Matisse, Mondrian, Man Ray, Cartier-Bresson and count­less other big names, but in­tel­li­gently in­ter­mingles these with re­lated but lesser-known works and little nug­gets of local art his­tory. It car­ried on into more con­tem­porary works in the three upper gal­leries, but un­for­tu­nately I un­der­es­tim­ated how big the gal­lery is and, run­ning out of time, could only af­ford a cursory glance around the first upper gal­lery. Seeing the un­fin­ished spaces last year they seemed modest, but once skil­fully par­ti­tioned, cur­ated and con­verted into some­thing of a maze, much more art fits in than I expected.

Luxembourg’s Musée d’Art Moderne Grand-Duc Jean (MUDAM for short) opened in 2006, the result of a lengthy, ram­bling and con­stantly meta­morph­osing pro­ject. The ar­chi­tec­ture is spec­tac­ular in a sense. I. M. Pei’s design re­flects the cen­turies of sand­stone build­ings in Luxembourg’s old town and even man­ages to give the heavy walls a weight­less quality as they are slit by streams of day­light, but it is a building best en­joyed empty — a nice space to be in, but one in which the art often seems out of place. Centre Pompidou-Metz on the other hand ex­cels in its chameleon-like ability to trans­form to suit the ex­hib­i­tion. It seems that while dis­tinctive on the out­side, its fabric is anonymous enough to re­cede be­hind the art, rather than loom over it.

Corey McCorkle's Heiligenschein

Also worth vis­iting, is the Fonds ré­gional d’art con­tem­po­rain de Lorraine, which has had in­triguing ex­hib­i­tions in its small gal­lery spaces both times I’ve vis­ited. Including this time this ring of in­direct nat­ural light which brought a slice of the burning European sun into this black room. It is the work of American artist Corey McCorkle and is titled Heiligenschein.

Contemporary Celli

Both my trips took in con­certs of cello music. First a re­cital by the vis­iting tutor Anssi Karttunen on Friday, 9 July, and second the half a con­cert given by his five stu­dents on Thursday, 15 July. Karttunen is per­haps best known for his long-standing part­ner­ship with fellow Finn Kaija Saariaho, the ma­jority of whose cello works were written for him. However, his Acanthes re­cital stuck en­tirely to Italian com­posers, in­ter­weaving music from either end of the repertoire’s his­tory, from the instrument’s ori­gins in 17th-Century Northern Italy to music of the 20th Century.

Anssi Karttunen. Photo © Irmeli Jung/Karsten Witt Musikmanagement

Quite pos­sibly not to all tastes, but un­deni­ably in­ventive, Karttunen’s playing has to be amongst the most col­ourful around. Every piece is col­oured in ima­gin­at­ively dif­ferent ways quite un­like any other cel­list I have heard, es­chewing the con­sistent full­ness of tone of the Romantic so­loist for a wider palette of sound that truly ex­ploits the instrument’s po­ten­tial. This is per­haps some­thing one might ex­pect of a con­tem­porary spe­cialist (es­pe­cially one fa­miliar with Saariaho), but it is more sur­prising when heard in older music. It can work well though and in Giuseppe Colombi’s Chiaccona — def­in­itely the pick of the Baroque pieces — the light­ness of his col­ours al­lowed the piece to blossom quite mi­ra­cu­lously from its ground bass into weight­less, in­tricate, higher fig­ur­a­tion. All the older works were played with a sim­ilar sens­it­ivity, feeling the po­ten­tial for flex­ib­ility with an im­pro­vis­atory style of playing, let­ting tempos sway quite vi­ol­ently at times, but to great mu­sical ef­fect. Somebody de­scribed these works as ‘like sorbets’ re­freshing the palette between ‘dif­fi­cult’ con­tem­porary pieces, but that seems to un­fairly trivi­alise their role. They demon­strated how re­mark­ably far the tech­nique of the cello had ad­vanced in those early years. Indeed, there is much tech­nique in these works that is ex­ploited in not dis­sim­ilar ways in the newer works. Obviously, the more ex­tended tech­niques, found es­pe­cially in Franco Donatoni’s Lame, which is filled with dis­tant har­monics, are ab­sent, but the dra­matic po­ten­tial of rapid fig­ur­a­tion and broad spans of range are to be found across the cen­turies. Live re­cord­ings of two of the 20th-Century works, Donatoni’s Lame and Luigi Dallapiccola’s Ciaccona, Intermezzo e Adagio, can be found on Karttunen’s web­site here.

His stu­dents were in at­tend­ance to learn from Karttunen’s know­ledge of con­tem­porary music and presented a pro­gramme of Augusta Read Thomas, Carlo Forlivesi, Kaija Saariaho, Rolf Wallin, Tristan Murail and Beat Furrer (the last two both present as com­pos­i­tion tu­tors). Saariaho’s Etincelles is amongst her less well-known cello works (when one thinks of Près, Petals, Amers or the more re­cent Notes on Light), but it could easily be played more often. Short and to the point, it makes a de­light­fully im­me­diate and powerful im­pact with a low, vi­olent tu­mult be­fore rap­idly spiralling up and away to finish. The other high­light was Beat Furrer’s Epilog, for three cellos. Quiet, trem­bling waves tim­idly broke and skated in and out of the room with a lovely del­icacy that somehow man­aged to re­main un­ob­vious des­pite the re­pe­ti­tious nature of the material.

New String Quartets

Quatuor DiotimaThe second half of the stu­dent con­cert on Thursday saw the Quatuor Diotima (not quite as ludicrously at­tired as on their web­site) present three of the el­even stu­dent quar­tets that they had been work­shop­ping in the course of the fort­night with a team of tech­ni­cians from Ircam providing the elec­tronic ac­com­pani­ment to two of the three quartets.

The second move­ment of 32-year-old Swiss com­poser Michael Pelzel’s Vers le vent… provided a vig­or­ously en­er­getic acoustic opener. A little like Dusapin in its tautly chro­matic and dis­sonant har­mony, but with more dra­matic tex­tural vari­ation, an opening of quiet, rapid trilling was per­for­ated with in­creasing fre­quency by strong ac­cents. As often hap­pens with such ‘un­ex­pected’ ac­cents that are nev­er­the­less metered, the ef­fect be­comes un­in­ten­tion­ally square and weakens as it goes on. Nevertheless, two ex­cel­lently handled mo­ments of with­drawal from the oth­er­wise con­tinu­ously fren­etic tex­tures re­vealed an as­sured struc­tural mind at work and it would be un­fair place a final judge­ment on a work without hearing its first movement.

Lisa Streich’s ASKAR, which means ‘boxes’ in her native Swedish, presented a series of more or less busy sec­tions made up of tex­tures of high har­monics punc­tu­ated by sharp im­pacts — scratches and snap piz­zicati. Close mi­cro­phones forced more of the bow noise to the sur­face, re­in­for­cing scratchier ele­ments as well as lending the oth­er­wise fra­gile har­monics power. The prox­imity ef­fect of the mi­cro­phones also lent a strong bass sound to the snap pizz, which blended well with a tape part triggered by the second vi­ol­inist Yun-Peng Zhao’s foot pedal. The elec­tronic sound seemed a little muddy with the deep clangs and scrapes of the tex­ture sub­ject to a heavy re­verb, al­most evoking the quality of some early mu­sique con­crète. Over the course of the work the elec­tronics ebbed away be­coming less and less present and let­ting the amp­li­fied in­stru­ments re­as­sert their primacy.

The best was saved for last with Brazilian Aurélio Edler-Copês’s mas­terful Quatuor n° 2: Punto rosso. The elec­tronics, this time en­tirely in real time, draped each instrument’s sound in a halo of won­derful col­ours pro­du­cing deeply rich tex­tures sim­ul­tan­eously and mi­ra­cu­lously at one with the quartet’s own colour. One might think of the elec­tronic en­hance­ment of the quartet sound in a work like Kaija Saariaho’s Nymphéa, but it doesn’t de­scribe the es­sen­tial quality that Edler-Copês’s pro­cessing brings to the work. So often in works of great tech­nical skill — and this was vir­tu­osic in those terms — one hears the mis­for­tune of the composer’s dis­trac­tion by tech­no­lo­gical dif­fi­culties and a con­sequent losing sight of the mu­sic­ality of the work, but here was a fant­ast­ic­ally ab­stract work, which re­lied little on clear markers or formal mile­stones and yet wound its way with an un­ob­trusive but ir­res­ist­ible logic. Only the final climax seemed un­for­tu­nately over em­phatic or pos­sibly under pre­pared, but even that res­ulted in a gor­geously de­tailed quiet coda. A re­lated work for small mixed en­semble, Punto rosso sull’oceano, can be heard on the composer’s MySpace page, but it is no replacement.

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To grasp the world of today we are using a lan­guage made for the world of yes­terday. And the life of the past seems a better re­flec­tion of our nature, for the simple reason that it is a better re­flec­tion of our language.

— Antoine de Saint-Exupéry (trans. William Rees), Wind, Sand and Stars

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  • Microbiography

    Chris Swithinbank is a British-Dutch com­poser who works with both acoustic in­stru­ments and elec­tronic sounds. He is cur­rently a stu­dent at Harvard University with Chaya Czernowin.
    Full Biography »

  • Hear